In Polish tradition, Christmas Eve dinner begins with the sighting of the first star in the evening sky. Yet, in some cases, it’s not a star that marks this special moment but rather the dazzling presence of planets. This year, Venus and Jupiter are expected to take on the role of the symbolic “first star.”
When to Look Up
On December 24th, the Sun will set around 3:30 PM in Poland, with slight regional variations. About 30 minutes later, the brightest points of light will begin to emerge in the twilight sky.
A Planetary Performance
This Christmas Eve offers a spectacular celestial display. Venus, the brightest planet, will dominate the southwestern horizon. Higher up and slightly to the south, Saturn will make its appearance, albeit a bit later than Venus. Meanwhile, to the west and above Venus, you’ll spot the star Altair, followed by Vega along the same line of sight.
Looking eastward, Jupiter will take center stage with a brilliance that rivals Venus. To its left, the star Capella will rise slightly later, while to its right, the orange-tinted Aldebaran will shine. As the night deepens, the iconic Orion constellation will rise below Jupiter, bringing with it Betelgeuse and Rigel. By 6 PM, Mars will join the celestial parade, and by 8 PM, Sirius—the brightest star in the night sky—will make its grand entrance above the horizon.
A Starry Night Awaits
Without the interference of the Moon’s light, this Christmas Eve promises a breathtaking view of the heavens—provided the weather cooperates and artificial lights are kept to a minimum.
The First Star and the Star of Bethlehem
The tradition of the “first star” is deeply rooted in the story of the Star of Bethlehem, which, according to the Bible, guided the Wise Men to the birthplace of Jesus Christ. Over the centuries, this celestial object has sparked various astronomical theories. While often depicted as a comet in art, it may have been a conjunction of bright planets or even a supernova.
For instance, Chinese chronicles document a comet in 5 BCE, and in 7 BCE, a rare triple conjunction of Jupiter and Saturn occurred. Historians today estimate the birth of Jesus Christ to have taken place between 8 and 4 BCE, aligning with these celestial events.
This Christmas Eve, as you gather with loved ones, take a moment to gaze at the night sky. Whether it’s Venus, Jupiter, or another celestial marvel that catches your eye, let it remind you of the wonder and tradition that makes this season so special.