Researchers aboard the r/v Oceania, the flagship vessel of the Institute of Oceanology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, are conducting hydrodynamic studies in the Southern Baltic Sea. Their focus includes measuring the physicochemical properties of the waters, analyzing current velocities, and examining the impact of inflows on the marine environment.
Hydrodynamic Exploration Underway
The week-long expedition, initiated on December 7, aims to systematically measure temperature, salinity, pressure, and dissolved oxygen content in the Southern Baltic. Dr. Daniel Rak from the Institute of Oceanology highlighted the importance of understanding the dynamics of marine environments and the influence of various factors on the Baltic Sea.
Significance of Inflows from the North Sea
One key aspect of the study involves scrutinizing inflows, especially during the winter when substantial salty water from the North Sea enters the Polish Baltic waters. This influx serves as the primary source of oxygen for the Baltic’s deep layers.
Two Types of Inflows Analyzed
Distinguishing between barotropic and baroclinic inflows, the researchers delve into the intricacies of the processes. Barotropic inflows, associated with atmospheric pressure differences, significantly contribute to the Baltic’s salt and oxygen levels, particularly during winter storms. Baroclinic inflows, arising from density disparities between Baltic and North Sea waters, occur more frequently but are less intense.
Maintaining Salinity Balance
The Baltic Sea, characterized by its brackish nature, maintains an average surface salinity of 7.5 PSU. Dr. Rak emphasizes the crucial role of inflows in sustaining this salinity, preventing the ecosystem from adapting to freshwater conditions.
Challenges and Environmental Risks
While inflows are natural and essential, the expedition also examines potential negative effects, especially concerning the seabed where chemical weapons were submerged post-World War II. Dr. Rak points out that inflows might contribute to the spread of contaminated substances, posing ecological risks.
Future Predictions and Conservation Measures
By focusing on major transit routes of inflowing waters, the researchers aim not only to understand current hydrodynamic conditions but also to anticipate future changes. The results will play a vital role in environmental protection and marine resource management.